Arizona Social Studies Standards for U.S. and Arizona History.

PROFICIENCY (Grades 9-12)
Students know and are able to do all of the above and the following:

· 1SS-P1. Apply chronological and spatial thinking to understand the meaning, implications, and import of historical and current events.
(Note: Historical research skills and analytical skills. These skills are to be learned and applied to the content standards for grades 9-12.)

PO 1. Compare the present with the past, evaluating the consequences of past events and decisions and determining the lessons learned and analyze how change occurs
PO 2. Analyze how change occurs
PO 3. Use a variety of maps and documents to interpret human movement and the diffusion of ideas, technological innovations, and goods

· 1SS-P2. Demonstrate knowledge of research sources and apply appropriate research methods, including framing open-ended questions, gathering pertinent information, and evaluating the evidence and point of view contained within primary and secondary sources.
(Note: Historical research skills and analytical skills. These skills are to be learned and applied to the content standards for grades 9-12)

PO 1. Identify community resources that preserve historical information--such as libraries, museums, historical societies, a courthouse, the world wide web, family records, elders--and explain how to access this knowledge
PO 2. Identify an author's argument, viewpoint, or perspective in an historical account
PO 3. Distinguish "facts" from author's opinions, and evaluate an author's implicit and explicit philosophical assumptions, beliefs, or biases about a subject
PO 4. Compare and contrast different accounts of the same event, including hypothesizing reasons for differences and similarities, authors' use of evidence, and distinctions between sound generalizations and misleading oversimplifications

· 1SS-P3. Develop historical interpretations in terms of the complexity of cause and effect and in the context in which ideas and past events unfolded.
(Note: Historical research skills and analytical skills. These skills are to be learned and applied to the content standards for grades 9-12.)

PO 1. Show connections between particular events and larger social, economic, and political trends and developments
PO 2. Interpret past events and issues within the context in which an event unfolded rather than solely in terms of present day norms and values
PO 3. Hypothesize how events could have taken different directions

FOCUS: United States/Arizona Modern History (Industrial Revolution to Current Issues)

· 1SS-P11. Analyze the transformation of the American economy and the changing social and political conditions in the United States in response to the Industrial Revolution, with emphasis on:

PO 1. the forces behind the quick and successful growth of the United States, including geographic security, abundant natural resources, heavy foreign investment, individual and economic freedoms, skilled but cheap and mobile labor, and use of tariffs and subsidie
PO 2. innovations in technology, evolution of marketing techniques, and changes to the standard of living
PO 3. the development of monopolies and their impact on economic and political policies, including laissez faire economics and the ideas of Social Darwinism
PO 4. the growth of cities created by the influx of immigrants and rural-to-urban migrations of Americans and the racial and ethnic conflicts that resulted
PO 5. the efforts of workers to improve working conditions, including organizing labor unions and strikes, and the reaction of business, including strikebreakers, and the Bisbee Deportation
PO 6. Populism and William Jennings Bryan, Jane Addams, muckrakers, and the economic problems faced by farmers
PO 7. Theodore Roosevelt's reforms in trustbusting and conservation of natural resources such as national parks like the Grand Canyon and reclamation projects like the Salt River Project
PO 8. progressive reforms, including the national income tax, direct election of Senators, women's Suffrage, Prohibition, and Arizona's Constitution

· 1SS-P12. Analyze the development of the American West and specifically Arizona, with emphasis on:

PO 1. the availability of cheap land and transportation, including the role of the railroads and the use of immigrant Chinese and Irish labor
PO 2. the development of resources and the resulting population and economic patterns, including mining, ranching, and agriculture
PO 3. the effects of development on American Indians and Mexican Americans, including Indian Wars, establishment of reservations, and land displacement

· 1SS-P13. Analyze the United States' expanding role in the world during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with emphasis on:

PO 1. the causes for a change in foreign policy from isolationism to intervention
PO 2. the debate between pro- and anti-imperialists over taking the Philippines
PO 3. the results of the Spanish American War
PO 4. the expanding influence in the Western hemisphere, including the Panama Canal
PO 5. the events that led to United States involvement in World War I and the United States' impact on the outcome
PO 6. the impact of World War I on the United States, including the Red Scare
PO 7. Wilson's involvement in the peace process and the United States rejection of the League of Nations

· 1SS-P14. Analyze the major political, economic, and social developments that occurred between World War I and World War II, including the causes and effects of the Great Depression, with emphasis on:

PO 1. social liberation and conservative reaction during the 1920's, including flappers, Prohibition, Harlem Renaissance, and the Scopes trial
PO 2. the rise of mass production techniques and the impact of the automobile and appliances on the prosperity and standard of living for many Americans
PO 3. the causes of the Great Depression, including unequal distribution of income, weaknesses in the farm sector, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank
PO 4. the human and natural crises of the Great Depression, including unemployment, food lines, Dust Bowl, and the western migration of Midwest farmers
PO 5. the policies and controversies that emerged from the New Deal, including the works programs, farm supports, social security, advances in organized labor, challenges to the Supreme Court, and impacts in Arizona such as the Navajo Livestock Reduction

· 1SS-P15. Analyze the role of the United States in World War II, with emphasis on:

PO 1. reasons the United States moved from a policy of isolationism to international involvement, including Pearl Harbor
PO 2. events on the home front to support the war effort, including war bond drives, the mobilization of the war industry, women and minorities in the work force, including Rosie the Riveter; the internment of Japanese-Americans, including the camps in Poston and on the Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona
PO 3. Arizona contributions to the war effort, including the Navajo Code Talkers, Ira Hayes, and local training bases
PO 4. postwar prosperity and the reasons for it
· 1SS-P16. Analyze the impact of World War II and the Cold War on United States foreign policy, with emphasis on:
PO 1. the implementation of the foreign policy of containment, including the Truman Doctrine, the Berlin Blockade, Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs, Korea, and Vietnam
PO 2. the Red Scare, including McCarthyism and the House Un-American Activities Committee
PO 3. nuclear weapons and the arms race
PO 4. Sputnik and the space race
PO 5. Arizona's industrial development, movement to the suburbs, and growth in the "Sunbelt"

· 1SS-P17. Analyze the development of voting and civil rights in the United States, with emphasis on:

PO 1. intent and impact of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution
PO 2. segregation as enforced by Jim Crow laws
PO 3. the use of the judicial system to secure civil rights, including key court cases such as Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
PO 4. the role and methods of civil rights advocates, including Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, and Cesar Chávez
PO 5. the passage and effect of voting rights legislation, including 1964 Civil Rights Act, Voting Act of 1965, and the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution
PO 6. the effects of the women's rights movement

· 1SS-P18. Apply the skills of historical analysis to current social, political, geographic, and economic issues facing the United States, with emphasis on:

PO 1. impact of changing technology on America's living patterns, popular culture, and the environment, including the impact of automobiles, dams, and air-conditioning to Arizona's development
PO 2. reasons for, and impact of, the nation's changing immigration policy, including Mexico-United States border issues
PO 3. the persistence of poverty, and the Great Society's attempt to alleviate it
PO 4. the "Watergate Scandal" and its impact on American attitudes about government

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