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Outline:
I. Overview of the paper
A. first section - Socio-political distinctness of the border
B. second section - Reasonableness and police power
C. third section - The US Supreme Court's Interpretation of border
searches- Balancing Interests
D. fourth section - Constitutions -- Social Contract or Natural
Rights Compact?
United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez
E. fifth section - A Historical overview of the Fourth Amendment.
F. sixth section -- Conclusions
II. The border region" The socio-geopolitical realities
A. cultural fluidity
B. definition of the border space
C. "The wall"
D. Victor Cornejo's case
E. border check points
F. Kaplan - "Mexico and the Southwest ..."
III. Reasonableness and police power
A. General exception of border searches from the Fourth Amendment.
B. The excessive number of border police
C. "Operation Gatekeeper"
D. Statutes authorizing the Border Patrol
IV. The Supreme Court's interpretation of border search questions
A. The delicate balance of "Reasonable and Unreasonable"
B. ãReasonable and Warrant Clauses
C. US v Ramsey
D. US v. Montoya
E. US v. Brignoni-Ponce
F. US v. Almedia-Sanchez
G. Terry v Ohio
H. "Litmus and Polarity" Factors
I. US v Montero Camargo
V. Constitutions ö Social Contract or Compact?
A. Verdugo-Urquidez issues as an example of the question.
B. To who do the rights in the Constitution apply?
C. Natural Rights approach to constitutional protection
D. Social Contract approach to constitutional protections
E. The ãpeopleä protected by the 4th in the eyes of
the Court ö holding in Verdugo-Urquidez
F. "sufficient connection test"
VI. English, and American historical foundations of the protections
from unreasonable searches and seizures
A. British and Colonial antecedents of the search and seizure
powers
B. Anti- Federalist Views of unreasonable searches
C. Federalist Views
D. Early exemptions of the border from unreasonable searches
E. Constitution
F. Boyd v. U.S.
VII. Conclusions